An American Sunrise
Joy Harjo

Joy Harjo is the first Native American Poet Laureate, and one of just two poet laureates to serve three terms. An American Sunrise is her eighth collection of poetry, and in it she blends her own history with the history of the Mvskoke people after they were forced off their lands in 1830 as a result of the Indian Removal Act.

Major thematic elements: Ancestors, history, memory and reminders, new beginnings, survival, beauty, the land.

IB Literature and IB Language and Literature Connections

Place of publication: United States
Language: English
Era: 21st Century
Genre: Fiction
Author: Female

Readers, writers and texts | Time and space | Intertextuality: Connecting texts

Identity | Culture | Creativity | Communication
Perspective | Transformation | Representation

Full text, basic summaries, and overviews

An American Sunrise | JoyHarjo.com | Overview
This is the page for An American Sunrise on Harjo’s personal website. It contains a brief summary of the text and links to reviews of the text by Alta, Boston Sunday Globe - Books, Publishers Weekly, The New Yorker, TIME, The New York Times, and Smithsonian.
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An American Sunrise | National Endowment for the Arts | NEA Big Read
Big Read featured An American Sunrise as one of its texts. This page includes an overview of the text, a brief biography of Harjo, and 16 discussion questions.
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Joy Harjo 101 | Poetry Foundation | Benjamin Voigt
This page gives a good overview of Harjo and her works and provides 8 poems (from assorted collections) with summaries which explain what the poem is about and what readers should pay attention to as they read it. Sampled poems are: “She Had Some Horses,” “My House is the Red Earth,” “Grace,” Insomnia and the Seven Steps to Grace,” “A Map to the Next World,” “Ah, Ah,” “Everybody Has a Heartache: A Blues” and “An American Sunrise.”
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An American Sunrise | Various Sources | Links to read poems online
Prologue, Map of the Trail of Tears, Break My Heart, My grandfather Monahwee, Exile of Memory, Granddaughters, The Fight, Directions to You, Seven Generations, In 1990 a congress, Weapons,, The Story Wheel, Once I looked at the moon, Washing My Mother’s Body, There is a map, Rising and Falling, The Road to Disappearance, Mama and Papa Have the Going Home Shiprock Blues, My great-grandfather Monahwee, How to Write a Poem in a Time of War, Mvskoke Mourning Song, First Morning, Singing Everything, Falling from the Night Sky, Our knowledge is based, For Earth’s Grandsons, Running, A Refuge in the Smallest of Places, I’m Nobody! Who are You?, Bourbon and Blues, My Great-Aunt Ella Monahwee Jacob’s Testimony, Road, The Southeast was covered, Desire’s Dog, Dawning, Honoring, My Man’s Feet, “I Wonder What You Are Thinking,” For Those Who Would Govern, Rabbit Invents the Saxophone, When Adolfe Sax patented, Let There Be No Regrets, Advice for Countries, Advanced, Developing, and Falling, Tobacco Origin Story, My aunt Lois Harjo told me, Redbird Love, We follow the DNA spiral of stories, Becoming Seventy, Beyond, Ren-Toh-Pvrv, Memory Sack, Every night, Cehotosakvtes, One March, By the Way, When we made it down last year, Welcoming Song, An American Sunrise, Bless This Land.

An American Sunrise | Various Sources | Links to watch/listen to poems online
If the video links to a longer video, we’ve set the link to start at the beginning of the poem. Harjo almost always sets up the poems she reads with background information, and so you may find it helpful to start the video 3-5 minutes before the poem actually begins. If you’re looking for intertextuality connections, Harjo’s setup to each poem she reads is the place to start.

Prologue, Map of the Trail of Tears, Break My Heart, My grandfather Monahwee, Exile of Memory, Granddaughters, The Fight, Directions to You, Seven Generations, In 1990 a congress, Weapons,, The Story Wheel, Once I looked at the moon, Washing My Mother’s Body, There is a map, Rising and Falling, The Road to Disappearance, Mama and Papa Have the Going Home Shiprock Blues, My great-grandfather Monahwee, How to Write a Poem in a Time of War (another reading), Mvskoke Mourning Song, First Morning, Singing Everything, Falling from the Night Sky, Our knowledge is based, For Earth’s Grandsons, Running (another reading), A Refuge in the Smallest of Places (another reading), I’m Nobody! Who are You?, Bourbon and Blues, My Great-Aunt Ella Monahwee Jacob’s Testimony, Road, The Southeast was covered, Desire’s Dog, Dawning, Honoring, My Man’s Feet (another reading), “I Wonder What You Are Thinking,” For Those Who Would Govern, Rabbit Invents the Saxophone, When Adolfe Sax patented, Let There Be No Regrets, Advice for Countries, Advanced, Developing, and Falling, Tobacco Origin Story, My aunt Lois Harjo told me, Redbird Love, We follow the DNA spiral of stories, Becoming Seventy, Beyond, Ren-Toh-Pvrv, Memory Sack, Every night, Cehotosakvtes, One March, By the Way, When we made it down last year, Welcoming Song, An American Sunrise (another reading)(a third reading), Bless This Land.

About the author

Joy Harjo | JoyHarjo.com | Official biography
This page from Harjo’s website provides a brief biography of Harjo, lists her most recent work with summaries, and provides links other resources.
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Joy Harjo | Poetry Foundation | Biography
Poetry Foundation has an in-depth (about 1600 words) biography on Harjo with links to additional content.
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Speaking poetry to power: Joy Harjo | Santa Fe New Mexican | Jennifer Levin | August 17, 2018
This biography has a little more personality—Levin includes quotes and some commentary in her article about Harjo.
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Beyond Language: Joy Harjo on writing her life in poetry | Poetry Foundation | Layli Long Soldier
This interview focuses on Harjo’s writing process, her influences, and how her writing interacts with both history and contemporary issues.
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Joy Harjo becomes first Native American named U.S. poet laureate | PBS Newshour | Hillel Italie | June 19, 2019
This short article announces Harjo’s new position as U.S. poet laureate and speaks a little to the project she intends to work on as poet laureate.
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Joy Harjo Is Named U.S. Poet Laureate | The New York Times | June 19, 2019
This is The New York Time’s announcement of Harjo’s appointment as U.S. poet laureate. It gives a little more detail re: her childhood.
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A Conversation with Joy Harjo, the New U.S. Poet Laureate | Iowa Magazine | Josh O’Leary | December 9, 2019
In this interview, Harjo “reflects on becoming the first Native American to hold the [U.S. Poet Laureate] title, her time at Iowa, and the current state of poetry.
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Articles, essays, and videos about An American Sunrise

#ArtIsJustice: Joy Harjo on how artists have vision | YouTube | Ford Foundation | 1:06
This very short video is a great introduction to Harjo; it shows her speaking about justice, performing on stage, and reciting her poetry.
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Joy Harjo on how a new Native poetry anthology fills a gap in American literature | PBS | Joshua Barajas | October 9, 2020
This article introduces Harjo’s work and her poetry anthology, includes a video of her reading James Welch’s poem “The Man from Washington” and her poem “Running,” and includes a transcript of an interview with her.
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Spirals of (re)knowing: an analysis of the construction of place/space in women’s communities through ceremony in Joy Harjo’s poetry | Stephanie G Cowherd | May 2014 | Masters Thesis
While the poems in this thesis paper aren’t from An American Sunrise, Cowherd does excellent work analyzing Harjo’s work and drawing conclusions based on her analysis of the text. This paper would be great—perhaps broken into smaller pieces—for students to see one approach to analyzing Harjo’s poetry and/or seeing how to write about poetry in a critical, literary fashion.
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Joy Harjo, the Poet of American Memory | The New Yorker | Maya Phillips | August 29, 2019
This article focuses on Harjo as U.S. poet laureate and her collection An American Sunrise.
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Remember by Joy Harjo poem analysis and summary | Unread Poets Society | CrazzyBHarath3696 | October 30, 2020
This website was started by a graduate student who wished she could find more examples of poetry analysis on the internet. The poem analyzed her isn’t from An American Sunrise, but it is a solid example of what poetry analysis can look like.
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U.S. poet laureate Joy Harjo on opening a ‘doorway of hope’ for indigenous artists | YouTube | PBS NewsHour | September 19, 2019 | 7:23
This video by PBS NewsHour touches on Harjo’s childhood and upbringing, her work as an artist (visual, musical, literary), and what she hopes for in her role as U.S. poet laureate.
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Joy Harjo and Oprah Winfrey | YouTube | OWN | ~9:00
The link below will take you to a playlist of the videos posted by the Oprah Winfrey Network of Winfrey’s interview with Joy Harjo. The videos within the play list are: “Joy Harjo: I Can Remember Moments Of Being An Infant,” “How Joy Harjo Realized Poetry Was her Calling,” “Poet Joy Harjo on Being a Mystic,” “Joy Harjo On What Being Named ‘America’s Poet’ Means to Her,” and “Poet Joy Harjo on How We Can Heal as a Nation.”
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Lesson plans and other teaching resources

NEA Big Read | Teacher Resources | Unit Plan by Kristin Runyon
This unit plan is packed with information and activities for An American Sunrise. On the page, click the link for the Google Doc. Everything you’ll need is hyperlinked within it.
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Lesson Plans Featuring Joy Harjo | Poets.org
This page has six lesson plans that use poems by Joy Harjo. None of the poems are from An American Sunrise, but they can all be adapted to do so. For example, in the first lesson that uses “This Morning I Pray for My Enemies,” all of the questions can be used for any poem by Harjo.
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3 Poems and Classroom Activities to Teach Joy Harjo, National Poet Laureate | Carnegie Learning | February 3, 2022
The last of the three lessons on this page is for “An American Sunrise” from the collection An American Sunrise. This lesson includes the reading of a short history of the Mvskoke Nation and looking at how students’ understanding of the poem changed as a result of doing historical research. It then asks students to connect Harjo’s work to social, cultural, or political topics important to them.
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Shopping List

Texts and other resources you may find helpful.

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An American Sunrise
Paperback on Amazon.com
How We Became Human: New and Selected Poems 1975-2001
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Catching the Light (Why I Write)
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Conflict Resolution for Holy Beings
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Crazy Brave: A Memoir
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Weaving Sundown in a Scarlet Light: Fifty Poems for Fifty Years
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The Woman Who Fell from The Sky
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Living Nations, Living Words: An Anthology of First Peoples Poetry
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A Map to the Next World: Poems and Tales 
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In Mad Love and War (Wesleyan Poetry Series)
Paperback on Amazon.com
When the Light of the World Was Subdued, Our Songs Came Through: A Norton Anthology of Native Nations Poetry
Paperback on Amazon.com